Diet can be defined arrangement or choice of food to be eaten by a person or group of people. Thus, diet does not mean losing weight, but could be more widespread means of setting the every day diet to stay healthy, setting up food for athletes, for special purposes & for healing.
one. Regular Food Diet
The aim is to provide a regular food diet food according to nutritional needs to prevent & reduce damage to body tissues.
Regular meals together with every day food diverse, vary with shape, texture & smell normal. The composition of food refers to the Pattern Menu Balanced & Nutritional Adequacy Score (AKG) is recommended for healthy adults. Regular meals provided to patients based on disease does not need a special diet (diet). Although there is no prohibition specifically, the food ought to be given in a form that is basically digested & does not stimulate the gastrointestinal tract.
The terms of regular food diet are:
* Normal energy needs of healthy adults in the work of rest;
* 10-15% protein of total energy demand;
* 10-25% fat of total energy demand;
* Carbohydrates 60-75% of total energy demand;
* Sufficient minerals, vitamins & fiber;
* Food not stimulate the digestive tract;
* Every day food diverse & varied.
Food that is not recommended for regular food diet is food that is stimulating, such as foods high in fat, sweet, spicy, & drinks that contain alcohol.
three. Soft Food Diet
Food is food that has a soft texture that is basically chewed, swallowed, & digested than ordinary food. These foods contain nutrients, on condition that patients can consume food in sufficient quantities. According to the state of disease, soft foods can be given directly to the patient or as a transition from strained foods to regular food.
The aim is to provide a soft food diet food in the type of program that basically swallowed & digested according to nutritional needs & circumstances of disease.
Terms of soft food diet is as follows:
* Energy, protein & other nutrients are adequate;
* Food is given in the type of chopped or soft, according to the circumstances of disease & the ability to feed patients;
* Food is given in portions, namely full meals & one time interlude;
* Basically digested foods, low fiber, & contain no sharp flavor.
three. Diet Food Filter
Soft food given to positive patients after surgical procedure, patients with infectious diseases with an increase in body temperature is not high, patients with difficulty chewing & swallowing, as well as the displacement of food filtered in to normal food.
Food strain is semisolid foods which have a softer texture than soft food, making it simpler to swallow & digest. According to the state of disease, food strain can be given directly to the patient or the displacement of glutinous liquid food to soft food.
The purpose is to filter food diet to provide food in the type of semisolid number close to the nutritional needs of patients for a short time as a method of adaptation to form a more solid food.
Terms of strained food diet are:
* Given only for a short period of 1-3 days, due to lack of nutritional needs, energy & Thiamine;
* Low in fiber, is given in the type of filtered or blender;
* Given in small portions & often that is 6-8 times a day.
Food strain given to patients after experiencing a specific operation, the acute infection including gastrointestinal infections, & to patients with difficulty chewing & swallowing, or as a transfer from the liquid diet to soft food. Because these foods lack fiber & vitamin C, it ought to be given for short durations, ie for 1-3 days.
four. Diet Food Liquid
Liquid food is food that has the consistency of liquid until thick. Food is given to patients with weakened chewing, swallowing, & digesting food due to reduced consciousness, high temperature, nausea, vomiting, post-gastrointestinal bleeding, & pre & post surgical procedure. Food can be administered orally or parental.
According to the consistency of food, liquid food consisting of types, namely: clear liquid diet, full liquid diet, & glutinous liquid food. Clear liquid diet is food that is introduced in the type of clear liquid at room temperature with the content of the remaining (residue) & maximum transparent when placed in a clear container. Types of fluids given depending on the circumstances of disease or type of operation undertaken.
* Provide food in liquid form, which meets the needs of body fluids that are basically absorbed & only a few leaves remaining;
* Prevent dehydration which removes thirst.
The purpose of clear liquid diet is to:
Terms of liquid food diet are:
* Food is given in the type of clear liquid;
* Consists of only food sources of carbohydrates;
* Does not stimulate the digestive tract & basically absorbed;
* Very low residual;
* Is given only for 1-2 days;
* Small portions & given often.
Clear liquid diet given to patients before & after positive operations, a state of nausea, vomiting & as early stage post-meal gastrointestinal bleeding. Very low nutritional value because it only consists of carbohydrate sources. Raw foods ought to be given, among others, tea, juice, broth, water, sugar, basically digested liquid. Food supplements can be added with high & low residual energy.
2011/03/20
2011/03/19
Meat rabbit Can Overcome Infertility
Rabbits are plenty of animals reared and loved people, ranging from babies to the elderly. This carrot-eating animals plenty of its kind. Similarly, the color of their feathers. There's white, brown, black, grey and plenty of more. By relying on both hind legs, the animal could jump quickly to keep away from danger.
Lately livestock rearing rabbits are advanced, so the presence of rabbits are basically present in every single place. Even in the markets shock (residential areas or in the street) have sold rabbits in considerable amounts, using pickups.
Efficacy of rabbit meat was discovered students of the Faculty of Medicine, UB Malang. Content of ketotifen on rabbit meat as an alternative for people with asthma. Molecular compounds contained in this meat can cure asthma. The most efficacious lies in rabbit liver. To maintain nutrient levels and the content of this ketotifen, is best cooked using a technique of hard-boiled.
Rabbit as a pet besides, it turns the meat is also believed to cure a disease. Fascinating experience occurred in Sleman - Yogyakarta. A rabbit breeder day one time the arrival of people struggling to breath. Without much comment that person directly asks dibakarkan rabbit liver and heart. Without thinking fulfillment of the request. One time the rabbit meat is cooked, the person directly eat until nothing left. About four minutes later the man who turned out to people with asthma are no longer struggling. Even his face appeared sumringah. A moment later the person to describe to her that the meat rabbit breeder rabbit efficacious to cure asthma. Moreover, when cooked by boiling it.
Based on these unusual experiences finally opened the pedanag rabbit rabbit satay stall not far from his home. every day there's customer specific organs in rabbits, eg head, bile, liver and penis. According to the buyer, the organs of these animals has its own efficacy as a treatment alternative.
Based on his experience, satay traders said that all parts of the rabbit has the efficacy to cure diseases. For example the head, liver, gall, meat and penises. But there's those who can not be known, who knows from blood and skin are also saved a powerful properties.
How to cultivate there's plastic incorporated then steamed. Indeed scientific research on the efficacy of rabbit meat has not been heard, but some people expressed (suggestions) truth efficacy rabbit meat.
Head of rabbit in which there is the brain, for example, can increase a woman's fertility. Rabbit liver to treat asthma. The meat is known to have high protein and low cholesterol are also nice for health. Who is penis and testicles of animals can increase the strength of men.
Lately livestock rearing rabbits are advanced, so the presence of rabbits are basically present in every single place. Even in the markets shock (residential areas or in the street) have sold rabbits in considerable amounts, using pickups.
Efficacy of rabbit meat was discovered students of the Faculty of Medicine, UB Malang. Content of ketotifen on rabbit meat as an alternative for people with asthma. Molecular compounds contained in this meat can cure asthma. The most efficacious lies in rabbit liver. To maintain nutrient levels and the content of this ketotifen, is best cooked using a technique of hard-boiled.
Rabbit as a pet besides, it turns the meat is also believed to cure a disease. Fascinating experience occurred in Sleman - Yogyakarta. A rabbit breeder day one time the arrival of people struggling to breath. Without much comment that person directly asks dibakarkan rabbit liver and heart. Without thinking fulfillment of the request. One time the rabbit meat is cooked, the person directly eat until nothing left. About four minutes later the man who turned out to people with asthma are no longer struggling. Even his face appeared sumringah. A moment later the person to describe to her that the meat rabbit breeder rabbit efficacious to cure asthma. Moreover, when cooked by boiling it.
Based on these unusual experiences finally opened the pedanag rabbit rabbit satay stall not far from his home. every day there's customer specific organs in rabbits, eg head, bile, liver and penis. According to the buyer, the organs of these animals has its own efficacy as a treatment alternative.
Based on his experience, satay traders said that all parts of the rabbit has the efficacy to cure diseases. For example the head, liver, gall, meat and penises. But there's those who can not be known, who knows from blood and skin are also saved a powerful properties.
How to cultivate there's plastic incorporated then steamed. Indeed scientific research on the efficacy of rabbit meat has not been heard, but some people expressed (suggestions) truth efficacy rabbit meat.
Head of rabbit in which there is the brain, for example, can increase a woman's fertility. Rabbit liver to treat asthma. The meat is known to have high protein and low cholesterol are also nice for health. Who is penis and testicles of animals can increase the strength of men.
Overview Understanding Diarrhea
Diarrhea is an increase volume, keenceran or frequency of bowel movements. Diarrhea caused by health issues usually are immense numbers, could reach over 500 grams / day. Individuals who eat plenty of vegetable fibers, in normal circumstances can produce over 500 grams, but the normal consistency and no liquid. Under normal circumstances, the feces contain 60-90% water, the water diarrhea could reach over 90%.
PATOFISIOLOGY
Diarrhea can be caused by or more of the mechanisms / pathophysiology of such
Osmotic Diarrhea
Osmotic diarrhea occurs when sure materials that can not be absorbed in to the blood, left in the intestines. Material causes an increase in fecal water content, leading to diarrhea. Sure foods (fruits and nuts) and heksitol, sorbitol also mannitol (a sugar substitute in dietetic foods, sweet and chewing gum) may cause osmotic diarrhea.
Causes include:
Bacterial toxins, such as cholera and accompanied with toksigenik strains of E. coli, attaches itself to receptors on the luminal membrane of the intestine before it enters the cell and activate adenyl-cyclase, which facilitate secretion of chloride and bicarbonate is actively ..
Fatty acids and bile-dihydroxy bile acid (cheno-and deoxycholic acid) and acid-long chain fatty acids cause a reduction of liquid absorption malabsorption syndrome.
Secretory diarrhea
Secretory diarrhea occurs when the tiny intestine and large intestine out of salt (chiefly sodium chloride) and water in to the chair. This may even be caused by sure toxins such as cholera and other infectious diarrhea.
Diarrhea eksudatif
Eksudatif Diarrhea occurs when a layer of large intestine become inflamed or ulcers forming, then releasing protein, blood, mucus and other fluids, which would increase the fiber content. Diarrhea can be caused by various diseases such as:
Malabsorption syndrome caused by several circumstances such as:
- Non-tropical Sprue
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Appointment of partial bowel.
Abnormal motility
Changes in intestinal motility may cause diarrhea.
To get normal consistency, chair ought to stay in the giant intestine for a sure time. Plenty of conditions and medications that can shorten the presence of feces in the intestine, including:
* Ulcerative colitis
* Crohn's disease (regional enteritis)
* Tuberculosis.
Weakened intestinal permeability
Morphological abnormalities occur in the intestinal epithelial membrane-specific that permeablitas mucosa of colon and tiny intestine is interrupted, if the permeability is disrupted water absorption in the tiny intestine and large intestine, causing less diarrhea.
* Hyperthyroidism
* Abdominal Surgical procedure
* Treatment of ulcers that cutting the vagus nerve.
A. General
Besides causing discomfort, disgrace because often ketoilet and disruption of every day activities, extreme diarrhea can also cause loss of fluids (dehydration) and loss of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride. If a large amount of liquid and electrolyte loss, blood pressure will fall and may cause fainting, abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia) and other serious disorders.
This risk occurs chiefly in kids, the elderly, people with weak condition and extreme diarrhea. The loss of bicarbonate may cause acidosis, a disturbance of acid-base balance in the blood.
DIARRHEA SYMPTOMS
B. Acute
Infection can occur suddenly cause diarrhea, vomiting, fever, bloody stools, decreased appetite / kelesuhan.
� Diarrhea is often accompanied by dehydration (dehydration).
� Dehydration causes only mild dry mouth.
� Dehydration wrinkles are included skin, eyes and a sunken fontanel.
Signs of dehydration:
� Weight loss.
� Decrease in frequency of urination.
� The color of the urine becomes darker and more concentrated, speedy pulse.
C. Chronicle
Common signs of diarrhea that can last a long time for weeks or months either persist or recur, sometimes mixed with blood, mucus, overweight, and bubbly.
Diarrhea may cause loss of liquid and electrolytes (eg sodium and potassium), so to be fussy, heart rhythm disturbances occurred.
This examination is divided in to, among others:
EXAMINATION OF DIARRHEA
one.Pemeriksaan general:
Found weight loss and malabsorption, in thyrotoxicosis. Anemia, in colitis, Crohn's disease tiny intestine. Fever indicates an inflammatory method.
Special three.Pemeriksaan:
Abdominal examination was not much help). While holding plug rectal fistula noted the existence of fissures and perianal area usually present in patients with chronic diarrhea is accompanied by chair examination rektosigmoidoskopi the macroscopic and microscopic.
Laboratory tests (blood tests)
In the method of inflammation are elevated ESR but in the case of Crohn's disease and colitis are sometimes the LED normal.Pada malapsorpsi and inflammatory processes can occur anemia.Albumin modestly in Crohn's and celiac disease. In malapsropsi found hypocalcaemia and avitaminosis D, raising the blood sugar or protrombin.Pemeriksaan glikosa tolerance check needs to be done for patients with pancreatitis.
Radiological
On plain abdominal images can be found calcification (calcification) in the pancreas that shows the chance of chronic pancreatitis, usually heavy drinkers who usually suffer from diarrhea with steatorea.
Barium meal
Can be found there gastrokolik fistula caused by gastric carcinoma and peptic tungkak kronik.Barium follow-through: You can find abnormalities, radiological tiny bowel Crohn's disease and diverticulosis jejunum.Barium enema: to show abnormalities of the colon, among others: skip lesion and apthosa ulcers in Crohn's disease, filling defects in colonic carcinoma, colonic spasm syndrome iritabel, the picture is not accompanied by a pile of mush haustre barium in colitis.
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy examination may be recommended on suspicion of colonic colitis, although the images with multiple contrast showed that normal.koloskopi picture is still recommended on suspicion of colonic inflammation method, because with colonoscopy they can see the whole colon and terminal ileum even biopsy tissue.
Appeal and Laboratory Diagnosis
To start with, first ascertained whether the diarrhea arises suddenly and temporarily or permanently.
Views also whether:
Diagnosis based on signs and results of chair samples. Chair examination through its form (liquid or solid), the smell, the discovery of overweight, blood or substances that can not be digested, and the numbers within 24 hours.
Laboratory tests are important to help establish the diagnosis is by chair examination of the patient.
If diarrhea persists, do a microscopic examination of feces for:
Looking for cells, mucus, overweight and other ingredients.
Find the blood and sure materials that cause osmotic diarrhea. Looking for infectious organisms, including sure bacteria, amoeba and giardia. When secretly taking laxatives, the laxative is taken can be present in chair samples. To examine the lining of the rectum and anus can be done sigmoidoiskopi. Sometimes a biopsy is necessary (lining of the rectum for sampling for microscopic examination). In addition, the diagnosis is established based on signs and physical examination, blood tests done to select the levels of electrolytes and blood cell count putih.Untuk knowing the cause made culturing the organism against fecal samples.
- Macroscopic
To start with must think about the macroscopic state of the patient feces, among them: whether soft or liquid, the presence or absence of mucus, pus, blood, overweight or not. For example, liquid stools are often found on psikhogenik diarrhea, internal fistula, short intestine caused enterektomi, regionalis enteritis, enterocolitis.
Bloody feces and mucus accompanied tenesmi rancid smell, usually present in dysentery (basiler or ambiasis), ulserosa colitis, enteritis regionalis, but never on carcinoma of the sigmoid colon, diverticulitis coli, tuberculosis colitis, polyposis coli or colonic carcinoma who difus.Pada rekti, usually will come out smelling fresh blood, and the patient felt there was feces (skibala) in dalam.Divertikulitis coli usually will lead to bloody diarrhea with pus and mucus without never accompanied tenesmi.
Because of plenty of reasons, need to be observed at all , and if found germs entamuba histolitika, then amubiasis as a cause of chronic diarrhea. Conversely, if no germ is found to be done to better make sure breeding. If not found plenty of overweight with no or tiny bubbles with leucocytes and erythrocytes, it is necessary two times conducted a check of overweight and fatty acids, to select tiger malabsorption syndrome.
- Microscopic
Every patient with chronic diarrhea reverse their feces microscopically examined. This check is not only to see the presence or absence of mucus, leucocytes, erythrocytes, leftovers, but must also think about the kinds of germs. With the discovery of plenty of leftovers without mucus, leucocytes and erythrocytes showed gastric abnormalities as the cause. Similarly, if present in plenty of worms oksiuris aksaris or without leucocytes and erythrocytes, the diarrhea can be caused by helmentiasis. On direct examination preparations, if found plenty of leucocytes and erythrocytes, can be present in patients with dysentery (basiler or amubiasis), ulserosa colitis, ileitis terminalis, enterocolitis, tuberculosis colitis, diverticulitis coli.
This check is not only to see the presence or absence of mucus, leucocytes, erythrocytes, leftovers, but must also think about the kinds of germs. In these patients, the amount of overweight content in feces would exceed the normal, ie over 6% of the total weight of feces found for 24 hours.
Other laboratory tests
Patients with chronic diarrhea in addition to fecal examination either macroscopic or microscopic, ought to even be equipped with other tests. The maximum must even be examined blood and urine method.
MANAGEMENT
Management of diarrhea in general, among others:
Rehydration
Such aggressive management of intravenous fluids or oral rehydration with isotonic fluids containing sugar or starch elektrolik and ought to be given.
Diet
Patients are encouraged to drink in lieu of fruit-juice drinks, teas, drinks are not gaseous, basically digested foods such as bananas, rice, chips and soup.
* The most effective of opioid derivatives such as loperamide, atropine, and tincture difenoksilat-opium.penyakit.
* Drugs that hardened feces: atapulgite three x three tabs / day, smectite two x one sachets given every diarrhea / CHAPTER dilute until the diarrhea stops.
Anti-diarrhea medicine
These medications can reduce signs.
* The most effective of opioid derivatives such as loperamide, difenoksilat-atropine, and tincture of opium. Loperamide most preferred because it is not addictive and have side effects smallest. Bismuth subsalicylate is another drug that can be used but are contraindicated in patients with HIV because it may cause bismuth encephalopathy. Drug antimotilitas its consumer ought to be cautious in the heat dysentery patients (including Shigella infection) if without the anti-microbial, as it can prolong the healing of disease.
* Drugs that hardened feces: atapulgite three x three tabs / day, smectite two x one sachets given every diarrhea / CHAPTER dilute until the diarrhea stops.
* Anti-secretory drugs or anti enkephalinase: Hidrasec two x one tab / day.
Antimicrobial Drugs:
Because most patients have mild disease, self-limited disease due to viral or non-invasive bacteria, empiric treatment is not recommended in all empirical pasien.Pengobatan indicated in patients suspected of having invasive bacterial infection, tourist diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea) or immunosuppressive. Drug choices of quinolones (eg ciprofloxacin 500 mg three x / day for 5-7hari). The drug is lovely against pathogenic bacteria invarsif including Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersiniadan, Aeromonas, species. As an alternative that is kotrimokzatol (trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, 160/800 mg three x / day, or erythromycin 250-500 mg three x / day). Metronidazole 250 mg two x / day for 7 days is given for the dicurigasi giardiasis.
Tips For Prevention of Diarrhea:
* Preparation of food hygiene
* The provision of neat drinking water
* Personal hygiene
* Wash hands before eating
* Exclusive breastfeeding
* Dispose of water in place (toilet, toilet)
* Place trash adequate
* Fight not get attacked by flies for food
* A healthy environment
Diarrhea is usually transmitted through three M, namely Food, Feces, Fly and Finger. Therefore, practical efforts to prevent diarrhea is to break the transmission chain. Some efforts are simple to implement are:
PATOFISIOLOGY
Diarrhea can be caused by or more of the mechanisms / pathophysiology of such
Osmotic Diarrhea
Osmotic diarrhea occurs when sure materials that can not be absorbed in to the blood, left in the intestines. Material causes an increase in fecal water content, leading to diarrhea. Sure foods (fruits and nuts) and heksitol, sorbitol also mannitol (a sugar substitute in dietetic foods, sweet and chewing gum) may cause osmotic diarrhea.
Causes include:
Bacterial toxins, such as cholera and accompanied with toksigenik strains of E. coli, attaches itself to receptors on the luminal membrane of the intestine before it enters the cell and activate adenyl-cyclase, which facilitate secretion of chloride and bicarbonate is actively ..
Fatty acids and bile-dihydroxy bile acid (cheno-and deoxycholic acid) and acid-long chain fatty acids cause a reduction of liquid absorption malabsorption syndrome.
Secretory diarrhea
Secretory diarrhea occurs when the tiny intestine and large intestine out of salt (chiefly sodium chloride) and water in to the chair. This may even be caused by sure toxins such as cholera and other infectious diarrhea.
Diarrhea eksudatif
Eksudatif Diarrhea occurs when a layer of large intestine become inflamed or ulcers forming, then releasing protein, blood, mucus and other fluids, which would increase the fiber content. Diarrhea can be caused by various diseases such as:
Malabsorption syndrome caused by several circumstances such as:
- Non-tropical Sprue
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Appointment of partial bowel.
Abnormal motility
Changes in intestinal motility may cause diarrhea.
To get normal consistency, chair ought to stay in the giant intestine for a sure time. Plenty of conditions and medications that can shorten the presence of feces in the intestine, including:
* Ulcerative colitis
* Crohn's disease (regional enteritis)
* Tuberculosis.
Weakened intestinal permeability
Morphological abnormalities occur in the intestinal epithelial membrane-specific that permeablitas mucosa of colon and tiny intestine is interrupted, if the permeability is disrupted water absorption in the tiny intestine and large intestine, causing less diarrhea.
* Hyperthyroidism
* Abdominal Surgical procedure
* Treatment of ulcers that cutting the vagus nerve.
A. General
Besides causing discomfort, disgrace because often ketoilet and disruption of every day activities, extreme diarrhea can also cause loss of fluids (dehydration) and loss of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride. If a large amount of liquid and electrolyte loss, blood pressure will fall and may cause fainting, abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia) and other serious disorders.
This risk occurs chiefly in kids, the elderly, people with weak condition and extreme diarrhea. The loss of bicarbonate may cause acidosis, a disturbance of acid-base balance in the blood.
DIARRHEA SYMPTOMS
B. Acute
Infection can occur suddenly cause diarrhea, vomiting, fever, bloody stools, decreased appetite / kelesuhan.
� Diarrhea is often accompanied by dehydration (dehydration).
� Dehydration causes only mild dry mouth.
� Dehydration wrinkles are included skin, eyes and a sunken fontanel.
Signs of dehydration:
� Weight loss.
� Decrease in frequency of urination.
� The color of the urine becomes darker and more concentrated, speedy pulse.
C. Chronicle
Common signs of diarrhea that can last a long time for weeks or months either persist or recur, sometimes mixed with blood, mucus, overweight, and bubbly.
Diarrhea may cause loss of liquid and electrolytes (eg sodium and potassium), so to be fussy, heart rhythm disturbances occurred.
This examination is divided in to, among others:
EXAMINATION OF DIARRHEA
one.Pemeriksaan general:
Found weight loss and malabsorption, in thyrotoxicosis. Anemia, in colitis, Crohn's disease tiny intestine. Fever indicates an inflammatory method.
Special three.Pemeriksaan:
Abdominal examination was not much help). While holding plug rectal fistula noted the existence of fissures and perianal area usually present in patients with chronic diarrhea is accompanied by chair examination rektosigmoidoskopi the macroscopic and microscopic.
Laboratory tests (blood tests)
In the method of inflammation are elevated ESR but in the case of Crohn's disease and colitis are sometimes the LED normal.Pada malapsorpsi and inflammatory processes can occur anemia.Albumin modestly in Crohn's and celiac disease. In malapsropsi found hypocalcaemia and avitaminosis D, raising the blood sugar or protrombin.Pemeriksaan glikosa tolerance check needs to be done for patients with pancreatitis.
Radiological
On plain abdominal images can be found calcification (calcification) in the pancreas that shows the chance of chronic pancreatitis, usually heavy drinkers who usually suffer from diarrhea with steatorea.
Barium meal
Can be found there gastrokolik fistula caused by gastric carcinoma and peptic tungkak kronik.Barium follow-through: You can find abnormalities, radiological tiny bowel Crohn's disease and diverticulosis jejunum.Barium enema: to show abnormalities of the colon, among others: skip lesion and apthosa ulcers in Crohn's disease, filling defects in colonic carcinoma, colonic spasm syndrome iritabel, the picture is not accompanied by a pile of mush haustre barium in colitis.
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy examination may be recommended on suspicion of colonic colitis, although the images with multiple contrast showed that normal.koloskopi picture is still recommended on suspicion of colonic inflammation method, because with colonoscopy they can see the whole colon and terminal ileum even biopsy tissue.
Appeal and Laboratory Diagnosis
To start with, first ascertained whether the diarrhea arises suddenly and temporarily or permanently.
Views also whether:
Diagnosis based on signs and results of chair samples. Chair examination through its form (liquid or solid), the smell, the discovery of overweight, blood or substances that can not be digested, and the numbers within 24 hours.
Laboratory tests are important to help establish the diagnosis is by chair examination of the patient.
If diarrhea persists, do a microscopic examination of feces for:
Looking for cells, mucus, overweight and other ingredients.
Find the blood and sure materials that cause osmotic diarrhea. Looking for infectious organisms, including sure bacteria, amoeba and giardia. When secretly taking laxatives, the laxative is taken can be present in chair samples. To examine the lining of the rectum and anus can be done sigmoidoiskopi. Sometimes a biopsy is necessary (lining of the rectum for sampling for microscopic examination). In addition, the diagnosis is established based on signs and physical examination, blood tests done to select the levels of electrolytes and blood cell count putih.Untuk knowing the cause made culturing the organism against fecal samples.
- Macroscopic
To start with must think about the macroscopic state of the patient feces, among them: whether soft or liquid, the presence or absence of mucus, pus, blood, overweight or not. For example, liquid stools are often found on psikhogenik diarrhea, internal fistula, short intestine caused enterektomi, regionalis enteritis, enterocolitis.
Bloody feces and mucus accompanied tenesmi rancid smell, usually present in dysentery (basiler or ambiasis), ulserosa colitis, enteritis regionalis, but never on carcinoma of the sigmoid colon, diverticulitis coli, tuberculosis colitis, polyposis coli or colonic carcinoma who difus.Pada rekti, usually will come out smelling fresh blood, and the patient felt there was feces (skibala) in dalam.Divertikulitis coli usually will lead to bloody diarrhea with pus and mucus without never accompanied tenesmi.
Because of plenty of reasons, need to be observed at all , and if found germs entamuba histolitika, then amubiasis as a cause of chronic diarrhea. Conversely, if no germ is found to be done to better make sure breeding. If not found plenty of overweight with no or tiny bubbles with leucocytes and erythrocytes, it is necessary two times conducted a check of overweight and fatty acids, to select tiger malabsorption syndrome.
- Microscopic
Every patient with chronic diarrhea reverse their feces microscopically examined. This check is not only to see the presence or absence of mucus, leucocytes, erythrocytes, leftovers, but must also think about the kinds of germs. With the discovery of plenty of leftovers without mucus, leucocytes and erythrocytes showed gastric abnormalities as the cause. Similarly, if present in plenty of worms oksiuris aksaris or without leucocytes and erythrocytes, the diarrhea can be caused by helmentiasis. On direct examination preparations, if found plenty of leucocytes and erythrocytes, can be present in patients with dysentery (basiler or amubiasis), ulserosa colitis, ileitis terminalis, enterocolitis, tuberculosis colitis, diverticulitis coli.
This check is not only to see the presence or absence of mucus, leucocytes, erythrocytes, leftovers, but must also think about the kinds of germs. In these patients, the amount of overweight content in feces would exceed the normal, ie over 6% of the total weight of feces found for 24 hours.
Other laboratory tests
Patients with chronic diarrhea in addition to fecal examination either macroscopic or microscopic, ought to even be equipped with other tests. The maximum must even be examined blood and urine method.
MANAGEMENT
Management of diarrhea in general, among others:
Rehydration
Such aggressive management of intravenous fluids or oral rehydration with isotonic fluids containing sugar or starch elektrolik and ought to be given.
Diet
Patients are encouraged to drink in lieu of fruit-juice drinks, teas, drinks are not gaseous, basically digested foods such as bananas, rice, chips and soup.
* The most effective of opioid derivatives such as loperamide, atropine, and tincture difenoksilat-opium.penyakit.
* Drugs that hardened feces: atapulgite three x three tabs / day, smectite two x one sachets given every diarrhea / CHAPTER dilute until the diarrhea stops.
Anti-diarrhea medicine
These medications can reduce signs.
* The most effective of opioid derivatives such as loperamide, difenoksilat-atropine, and tincture of opium. Loperamide most preferred because it is not addictive and have side effects smallest. Bismuth subsalicylate is another drug that can be used but are contraindicated in patients with HIV because it may cause bismuth encephalopathy. Drug antimotilitas its consumer ought to be cautious in the heat dysentery patients (including Shigella infection) if without the anti-microbial, as it can prolong the healing of disease.
* Drugs that hardened feces: atapulgite three x three tabs / day, smectite two x one sachets given every diarrhea / CHAPTER dilute until the diarrhea stops.
* Anti-secretory drugs or anti enkephalinase: Hidrasec two x one tab / day.
Antimicrobial Drugs:
Because most patients have mild disease, self-limited disease due to viral or non-invasive bacteria, empiric treatment is not recommended in all empirical pasien.Pengobatan indicated in patients suspected of having invasive bacterial infection, tourist diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea) or immunosuppressive. Drug choices of quinolones (eg ciprofloxacin 500 mg three x / day for 5-7hari). The drug is lovely against pathogenic bacteria invarsif including Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersiniadan, Aeromonas, species. As an alternative that is kotrimokzatol (trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, 160/800 mg three x / day, or erythromycin 250-500 mg three x / day). Metronidazole 250 mg two x / day for 7 days is given for the dicurigasi giardiasis.
Tips For Prevention of Diarrhea:
* Preparation of food hygiene
* The provision of neat drinking water
* Personal hygiene
* Wash hands before eating
* Exclusive breastfeeding
* Dispose of water in place (toilet, toilet)
* Place trash adequate
* Fight not get attacked by flies for food
* A healthy environment
Diarrhea is usually transmitted through three M, namely Food, Feces, Fly and Finger. Therefore, practical efforts to prevent diarrhea is to break the transmission chain. Some efforts are simple to implement are:
2011/03/18
Dangers of Passive Smokers 3 Times Active Smokers
Setyo Budiantoro of the Association of Public Health of Indonesia (IAKMI) said, as much as 25 percent of the hazardous substances contained in cigarette smoke enter the body, while 75 percent free air circulating in the risk of entry in to the body of people around him.
Inhaling someone else's cigarette smoke is more hazardous than smoking itself. Even the dangers which must be borne passive smokers are times over the dangers of active smokers.
Toxins produced by largest tobacco smoke billowing from the tip of the cigarette is not inhaled. Because the smoke produced from burning tobacco that is not ideal.
The concentration of harmful substances in the body of passive smokers is greater because the poison is sucked through the cigarette smoke of active smokers are not filtered. While cigarette toxins in the body of active smokers filtered through the finish of cigarettes smoked. "But the concentration of poisons active smokers could increase if the active smokers inhale smoke again that they exhales."
Tar
Here are lots of hazardous substances contained in a cigarette:
Nicotine
* In the human body, tar trigger a lung irritant & cancer.
* In the body of used smoke, tar will be concentrated times higher than in active smokers.
Carbon monoxide
* In the human body or opiate addiction effects that trigger increased consumption.
* In passive smokers, nicotine will be concentrated times higher than in active smokers.
* It is a hazardous gas that can reduce oxygen levels in the body. Binding of oxygen by carbon monoxide is then lead to heart disease.
* In the body of used smoke, harmful gases will be concentrated times higher than in active smokers.
Hazardous chemicals
* Kind of gas & hazardous substances which amounted to thousands. In the human body, these hazardous chemicals increase cancer risk.
* In the body of secondhand smoke, hazardous chemicals will be concentrated 50-fold compared to active smokers in the body.
Citing the results of the WHO study, Budi said, smoke-free environments are the only effective strategy to provide protection for passive smokers.
Provision of smoking area is also not fully protect nonsmokers from the dangers of cigarettes. "Provision of smoking area inside the building as well as urinating in a corner of the pool, will blend well," they said. "The smoke still going through the vents."
Global Youth Survey information of 1999-2006, as much as 81 percent of children aged 13-15 years in Indonesia exposed to smoke in public places or become passive smokers. "Whereas the average percentage of only 56 percent of the world," they said.
While the information of the National Economic Social Survey 2004 shows that, over 87 percent of active smokers smoke at home when being with their relatives members. The survey also found 71 percent of households have expenditures for smoking.
The survey also shows, over 150 million Indonesian population exposure to secondhand smoke at home, in offices, in public places, on public transport.
Inhaling someone else's cigarette smoke is more hazardous than smoking itself. Even the dangers which must be borne passive smokers are times over the dangers of active smokers.
Toxins produced by largest tobacco smoke billowing from the tip of the cigarette is not inhaled. Because the smoke produced from burning tobacco that is not ideal.
The concentration of harmful substances in the body of passive smokers is greater because the poison is sucked through the cigarette smoke of active smokers are not filtered. While cigarette toxins in the body of active smokers filtered through the finish of cigarettes smoked. "But the concentration of poisons active smokers could increase if the active smokers inhale smoke again that they exhales."
Tar
Here are lots of hazardous substances contained in a cigarette:
Nicotine
* In the human body, tar trigger a lung irritant & cancer.
* In the body of used smoke, tar will be concentrated times higher than in active smokers.
Carbon monoxide
* In the human body or opiate addiction effects that trigger increased consumption.
* In passive smokers, nicotine will be concentrated times higher than in active smokers.
* It is a hazardous gas that can reduce oxygen levels in the body. Binding of oxygen by carbon monoxide is then lead to heart disease.
* In the body of used smoke, harmful gases will be concentrated times higher than in active smokers.
Hazardous chemicals
* Kind of gas & hazardous substances which amounted to thousands. In the human body, these hazardous chemicals increase cancer risk.
* In the body of secondhand smoke, hazardous chemicals will be concentrated 50-fold compared to active smokers in the body.
Citing the results of the WHO study, Budi said, smoke-free environments are the only effective strategy to provide protection for passive smokers.
Provision of smoking area is also not fully protect nonsmokers from the dangers of cigarettes. "Provision of smoking area inside the building as well as urinating in a corner of the pool, will blend well," they said. "The smoke still going through the vents."
Global Youth Survey information of 1999-2006, as much as 81 percent of children aged 13-15 years in Indonesia exposed to smoke in public places or become passive smokers. "Whereas the average percentage of only 56 percent of the world," they said.
While the information of the National Economic Social Survey 2004 shows that, over 87 percent of active smokers smoke at home when being with their relatives members. The survey also found 71 percent of households have expenditures for smoking.
The survey also shows, over 150 million Indonesian population exposure to secondhand smoke at home, in offices, in public places, on public transport.
Other benefits of Red Rice
Brown rice is usually rice mashed or broken skin, the husk is not much missing. Rice husk contains nutrients that are important to the body, the epidermis is rich in fiber & natural oils. Fiber not only filling, but also prevent various digestive tract diseases. Another benefit of fiber, which can improve brain development & lowers blood cholesterol. Meanwhile most of the fat in the epidermis is essential fats that are needed for brain development of babies. While the compounds in the epidermis of fat can also lower blood cholesterol, risk factor for heart disease. In addition, red rice was more superior in terms of content of vitamins & minerals than white rice.
Nutritional value of rice depends on its type. In terms of type, people classify rice in to groups: white rice (separated again become fluffier & inflammation), glutinous rice & brown rice. But, regardless of the name of its rice, common people only knew, this material was the source of carbohydrate alone, pengenyang stomach, 'gas' for the move. In fact, in the event you require a small fun 'dismantling', chiefly red rice, rice has lots of other benefits.
Brown rice contains thiamine (vitamin BI) are needed to prevent beri-beri in babies. Iron is also higher, helping babies aged 6 months to top the iron intake of breast milk is no longer sufficient for the body. Not to mention vitamins & other essential minerals. With the advantages as described above nice if our families start eating brown rice.
Prevent Cancer
Other nutrients present in brown rice is selenium. Selenium is a trace element (trace element) which is an essential part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. This enzyme acts as a catalyst in the solution of peroxide in to bonds that were not poisonous. Peroxide in the bond can be transformed in to poisonous free radicals, which can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes & damage the membrane. This damage causes cancer, & other degenerative diseases. That is why lots of specialists say has the potential of selenium to prevent cancer & other degenerative diseases.
Brown rice has been known since 2800 BC. By the doctors at the time this thing is believed to have medical value that can recover a sense of calm & peace. When compared with white rice, brown rice carbohydrate content is lower (78.9 g: 75.7 g), but the analysis shows the worth of energy produced over brown rice in lieu of white rice (349 cal: 353 cal.) Besides higher in protein (6.8 g: 8.2 g), it is probably caused tiaminnya higher content (0.12 mg: 0.31 mg). Thiamine deficiency can disrupt the nervous process & heart, in extreme circumstances called beri-beri, with preliminary signs of decreased appetite, indigestion, constipation, fatigue, tingling, palpitations, & diminished reflexes.
So far, they recognize that, natural ingredients that red usually have a property to maintain health, such as brown rice, dragon fruit, rosella, crowns & other gods.
Nutritional value of rice depends on its type. In terms of type, people classify rice in to groups: white rice (separated again become fluffier & inflammation), glutinous rice & brown rice. But, regardless of the name of its rice, common people only knew, this material was the source of carbohydrate alone, pengenyang stomach, 'gas' for the move. In fact, in the event you require a small fun 'dismantling', chiefly red rice, rice has lots of other benefits.
Brown rice contains thiamine (vitamin BI) are needed to prevent beri-beri in babies. Iron is also higher, helping babies aged 6 months to top the iron intake of breast milk is no longer sufficient for the body. Not to mention vitamins & other essential minerals. With the advantages as described above nice if our families start eating brown rice.
Prevent Cancer
Other nutrients present in brown rice is selenium. Selenium is a trace element (trace element) which is an essential part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. This enzyme acts as a catalyst in the solution of peroxide in to bonds that were not poisonous. Peroxide in the bond can be transformed in to poisonous free radicals, which can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes & damage the membrane. This damage causes cancer, & other degenerative diseases. That is why lots of specialists say has the potential of selenium to prevent cancer & other degenerative diseases.
Brown rice has been known since 2800 BC. By the doctors at the time this thing is believed to have medical value that can recover a sense of calm & peace. When compared with white rice, brown rice carbohydrate content is lower (78.9 g: 75.7 g), but the analysis shows the worth of energy produced over brown rice in lieu of white rice (349 cal: 353 cal.) Besides higher in protein (6.8 g: 8.2 g), it is probably caused tiaminnya higher content (0.12 mg: 0.31 mg). Thiamine deficiency can disrupt the nervous process & heart, in extreme circumstances called beri-beri, with preliminary signs of decreased appetite, indigestion, constipation, fatigue, tingling, palpitations, & diminished reflexes.
So far, they recognize that, natural ingredients that red usually have a property to maintain health, such as brown rice, dragon fruit, rosella, crowns & other gods.
2011/03/17
Efficacy of herbs to kill bacteria
Since thousands of years, human ancestors have been using herbs to cultivate food. The phenomenon is fascinating, the higher the average temperature in a place, the more variety of herbs used.
Research experts-naturopath natural medicine, showing, in India, located in the tropics, the average used ten kinds of spices for cooking. While in Norway near the poles are used on average only kinds of spices. Departing from the fact that, specialists are increasingly interested in natural healing wisdom of human ancestors. Aware or not, people already know the efficacy of herbs to prevent bacterial assault.
In the area of ��heat-temperature, food tends to decay faster than in cold regions. meat and fish more quickly attacked by bacterial decay. Herbs that are often used in the tropics, in addition to functioning enhance food flavors, it also serves to prevent food spoilage. Jeniffer Research Billing and Paul Sherman of Cornell University in Ithaca to the 4500 recipes from 36 countries, concluded, for hundreds of years humans have put the power of herbs for the prevention of decay and drugs.
To confirm the study Billing and Sherman, Daljit Arora microbiologist from Guru Nanak University in Amritsar, India doing intensive research some kind of herbs that are often used in the country. He bought garlic, cloves, ginger, black pepper, turmeric and green cabei from the market, and examine the efficacy of individual herbs in the laboratory. Herbs are then blended according to recipes that are common in India, and then given to the colonies of bacteria. Arora research purposes, was to show, whether it's the properties of herbs kill the bacteria.
Arora doing research efficacy of herbs, against several kinds of bacteria that are known to cause harmful diseases. For example Staphylokokus bacteria cause inflammation and blood poisoning, entero bacteria cause pneumonia, Pseudomonas bacterial infection cause an open wound, the bacterium Shigella causes dysentri, Salmonell bacteria causes food poisoning and typhoid and fungus Candida, which causes decreased immune humans. The research shows that, garlic and cloves does have properties kill bacteria illness.
Garlic and cloves proved to have properties inhibit the growth of all bacteria studied. In conditions like today, where increasingly bacteria resistant to antibiotics, the discovery of such alternative treatment is vital. Arora show, mixed spice and cloves of garlic, proved able to killing bacteria that are also resistant to antibiotics. Similar research results also come from Europe. Damien chemist Stanley Dorman and Deans of colleges of agriculture in Scotland, who conduct research using essential oils distilled from plants herbs, proven anti-bacterial properties of herbs.
Another study, conducted Gowsala Sivam, leading researchers from Bastyr University in the U.S., is also proving other properties of garlic. Apparently in the stomach, showed the efficacy of garlic as an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial proliferation Helicobakter cause of peptic ulcers. Results of laboratory study is suitable with the results of research in the field, which concluded in areas where plenty of garlic is consumed, comparatively few cases of stomach ulcers.
However, so far the various results of scientific research they are going to be, not yet succeeded in explaining how the mechanism of herbs in stopping food spoilage. The cause is the active ingredient or essential oil which has a property, often contained in special glands on the inside of the plant, which can not be observed working method. In addition, research in the laboratory is usually carried out using a bacterial culture experiment in the cup, than bacteria on actual conditions. Therefore, some natural healer or naturopath called on to do an experiment using a meat or fish, so that the method occurs like in nature.
Various other studies showed, respectively herbs have properties impressive. Several types of herbs that have known properties, among others, black pepper effective in stopping diarrhea, Rosmarin, Oregano and Ginger bersfat antioxidants and inhibit tumor growth, while clove and Thymian inhibit bacterial proliferation keracunana trigger food. Chili prevent pain in patients arthitis and inhibit tumor growth. Garlic, in addition to antibacterial, are also lower levels of fat and the potent inhibiting tumor growth. While turmeric are anti-oxidants and inhibit tumor growth.
Responding to this challenge, DR.Kalidas Shetty, an professional in food biotechnology at the University of Massachusetts has been experimenting with minced meat and fish sticks. As an anti-bacterial medium, used a mix of Thymian herbs, Oregano and Rossmarin. The kinds of this plant, is often used herbs in the kitchen Europe or the United States. Research target is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes that lead to food poisoning. Results of research in the laboratory is impressive. kinds of herbs they are going to be, able to damage half the population of Listeria in minced meat.
Research experts-naturopath natural medicine, showing, in India, located in the tropics, the average used ten kinds of spices for cooking. While in Norway near the poles are used on average only kinds of spices. Departing from the fact that, specialists are increasingly interested in natural healing wisdom of human ancestors. Aware or not, people already know the efficacy of herbs to prevent bacterial assault.
In the area of ��heat-temperature, food tends to decay faster than in cold regions. meat and fish more quickly attacked by bacterial decay. Herbs that are often used in the tropics, in addition to functioning enhance food flavors, it also serves to prevent food spoilage. Jeniffer Research Billing and Paul Sherman of Cornell University in Ithaca to the 4500 recipes from 36 countries, concluded, for hundreds of years humans have put the power of herbs for the prevention of decay and drugs.
To confirm the study Billing and Sherman, Daljit Arora microbiologist from Guru Nanak University in Amritsar, India doing intensive research some kind of herbs that are often used in the country. He bought garlic, cloves, ginger, black pepper, turmeric and green cabei from the market, and examine the efficacy of individual herbs in the laboratory. Herbs are then blended according to recipes that are common in India, and then given to the colonies of bacteria. Arora research purposes, was to show, whether it's the properties of herbs kill the bacteria.
Arora doing research efficacy of herbs, against several kinds of bacteria that are known to cause harmful diseases. For example Staphylokokus bacteria cause inflammation and blood poisoning, entero bacteria cause pneumonia, Pseudomonas bacterial infection cause an open wound, the bacterium Shigella causes dysentri, Salmonell bacteria causes food poisoning and typhoid and fungus Candida, which causes decreased immune humans. The research shows that, garlic and cloves does have properties kill bacteria illness.
Garlic and cloves proved to have properties inhibit the growth of all bacteria studied. In conditions like today, where increasingly bacteria resistant to antibiotics, the discovery of such alternative treatment is vital. Arora show, mixed spice and cloves of garlic, proved able to killing bacteria that are also resistant to antibiotics. Similar research results also come from Europe. Damien chemist Stanley Dorman and Deans of colleges of agriculture in Scotland, who conduct research using essential oils distilled from plants herbs, proven anti-bacterial properties of herbs.
Another study, conducted Gowsala Sivam, leading researchers from Bastyr University in the U.S., is also proving other properties of garlic. Apparently in the stomach, showed the efficacy of garlic as an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial proliferation Helicobakter cause of peptic ulcers. Results of laboratory study is suitable with the results of research in the field, which concluded in areas where plenty of garlic is consumed, comparatively few cases of stomach ulcers.
However, so far the various results of scientific research they are going to be, not yet succeeded in explaining how the mechanism of herbs in stopping food spoilage. The cause is the active ingredient or essential oil which has a property, often contained in special glands on the inside of the plant, which can not be observed working method. In addition, research in the laboratory is usually carried out using a bacterial culture experiment in the cup, than bacteria on actual conditions. Therefore, some natural healer or naturopath called on to do an experiment using a meat or fish, so that the method occurs like in nature.
Various other studies showed, respectively herbs have properties impressive. Several types of herbs that have known properties, among others, black pepper effective in stopping diarrhea, Rosmarin, Oregano and Ginger bersfat antioxidants and inhibit tumor growth, while clove and Thymian inhibit bacterial proliferation keracunana trigger food. Chili prevent pain in patients arthitis and inhibit tumor growth. Garlic, in addition to antibacterial, are also lower levels of fat and the potent inhibiting tumor growth. While turmeric are anti-oxidants and inhibit tumor growth.
Responding to this challenge, DR.Kalidas Shetty, an professional in food biotechnology at the University of Massachusetts has been experimenting with minced meat and fish sticks. As an anti-bacterial medium, used a mix of Thymian herbs, Oregano and Rossmarin. The kinds of this plant, is often used herbs in the kitchen Europe or the United States. Research target is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes that lead to food poisoning. Results of research in the laboratory is impressive. kinds of herbs they are going to be, able to damage half the population of Listeria in minced meat.
Formalin Use in Food Products
Preservatives are of the BTP of the most widely used by food manufacturers. Use of BTP is intended to maintain the freshness or for long lasting products, as well as to improve the taste, flavor, physical appearance, & color. Some preservatives including antioxidants function to prevent food become rancid due to chemical changes. However, due to lack of knowledge about the dangers of the use of BTP, the food producers using BTP (preservative) to excess.
The use of food additives (BTP) or food additives have been widespread. all food industries, both giant industrial & domestic industry, determined using the BTP. Use of BTP is not prohibited on condition that such materials are safe for human health & the proper dosage.
Formalin is a preservative that recently widely used in foods, whereas type of preservative is highly unsafe for health. Formalin is a solution is colorless, pungent, containing about 37% formaldehyde in water, usually 10-15% methanol added.
Additional Prohibited Materials Used in Food, among others:
one. Boric acid (boric acid) & its compounds.
two. Salicylic acid & its salts (Salicylic Acid & its Salt).
two. Dietilpirokarbonat (Diethylpirocarbonate DEPC).
two. Dulsin (Dulcin).
two. Chlorates Potassium (Potassium Chlorate).
6. Khloramfenikol (Chloramphenicol).
7. The vegetable oil dibrominasi (Brominated Vegetable Oils).
8. Nitrofurazon (Nitrofurazone).
9. Formalin (Formaldehyde).
ten. Potassium bromate (Potassium Bromate).
Formalin has lots of names or synonyms, such as formol, morbicid, methanal, formic aldehyde, methyl oxide, oxymethylene, methyl aldehyde, oxomethane, formoform, formalith, oxomethane, karsan, methylene glycol, paraforin, poly-oxymethylene glycols, superlysoform, tetraoxymethylene & trioxane .
Nature Formalin
This preservative has elements that are simple aldehydes react with proteins, thus when it splashed in to foods such as tofu, formalin element binding protein would start at the surface continues to seep out to miss it. With the demise of bound protein after the chemical element of formalin then when pressed to know feel more supple. In addition, proteins that have died won't be attacked by bacterial decay that produces acid compounds, That is why knowing or other berformalin food becomes more long lasting.
Formaldehyde kills bacteria by making a network in bacteria dehydration (water shortage), so the bacterial cells will dry & form a new layer on the surface. That is, formalin not only kill bacteria, but also form a new layer that protects the layer underneath, so resistant to assault other bacteria. If other disinfectants mendeaktifasikan assault by killing bacteria & does not react with the material that is protected, then the formaldehyde will react chemically & persist in such materials to protect from later assaults.
The issue, as the material used only to preserve food, which used formalin dose would be low. So that the side effects of consuming foods berformalin not be felt directly by consumers.
Seeing nature, formalin is also definitely going to assault a protein that is widely available in the human body such as the stomach. Moreover, when formalin in to the body it's a high dose.
The issue of formaldehyde content in various food products received a serious response from the government, because in the long term can lead to cancer. According to the Head of Drug & Food Monitoring Agency (BPOM), up to sure levels, formalin preservative allowed for cosmetics, toothpaste that is for a maximum of 0.1% & 0.2% other cosmetic products. This provision is in accordance with internationally accepted rules such as the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive, the European Union Directive, & SK BPOM for cosmetics.
Lots of parties also have properties reminiscent of formaldehyde or carcinogens may cause cancer kanker.Tetapi emergence of this unsafe material due to cancer from other causes difficult to distinguish, both need a long time to assault the human body.
Benefits & Makes use of of Formaldehyde
Formalin besides the cost is cheap, basically available & its use is not difficult so it is desirable as a preservative by food manufacturers are not responsible. The survey results & laboratory examination showed, lots of food products using formaldehyde as a preservative.
* As a germ killer, which is widely used in cleaning floors, clothes, vessels & warehouses,
* Flies & other insect repellent,
* Any of the ingredients in the manufacture of artificial silk, dyes & explosives glass mirror,
* Hardener layer of gelatin & picture paper,
* Urea fertilizer ingredient, fragrance, nail hardeners & preservatives cosmetic products,
* Prevention of corrosion in oil wells,
* Materials for insulation foam, &,
* Plywood adhesives.
Suggested use of formalin is:
Formalin for Health Hazards
In concentrations less than 1%, formalin is used as a preservative in household cleaning, dishwashing liquid, fabric softener, automobile shampoo, wax, & carpet.
The case of the use of formalin in the know, fresh fish, salted fish, & other food products showed a lack of knowledge producers & the dearth of socialization to the community about the benefits & dangers of additives. Formalin not allowed in food or drink, because in the long term can lead to the development of cancer cells. Formalin is unsafe if inhaled, swallowed or on the skin because it may cause irritation of the respiratory tract, allergic reactions & burns.
Danger Short Term (Acute)
one. If inhaled may cause irritation, tissue destroy & injury to the respiratory tract, nose, & throat. Other signs are sneezing, coughing, sore throat, sore throat, chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, headache, nausea & vomiting. At high concentrations may cause death.
two. When exposed skin will cause color changes, ie the skin becomes red, hardened, numbness, & burning.
two. When exposed to the eyes may cause irritation to the eyes reddened, pain, itching, blurred vision & shed tears. At high concentrations may cause great expense tears so that the lens is broken.
two. When swallowed, the mouth, throat & stomach burning, pain, nausea, vomiting & diarrhea, the chance of bleeding, extreme abdominal pain, headache, hypotension (low blood pressure), convulsions, or unconscious until coma. There has also been destroy to the liver, heart, brain, spleen, pancreas, central nervous technique, & kidneys.
Long-Term Hazards (Chronic)
Adverse Formalin for Human Body
one. When inhaled in long term will cause headaches, respiratory issues, coughing, rhinitis, nausea, drowsiness, injury to the kidneys, & sensitizing the lungs. Neuropsychological effects include sleep disturbance, irritability, weakened balance, loss of concentration & memory is reduced, menstrual disorders & infertility in ladies, & cancers of the nose, nasal cavity, mouth, throat, lungs & brain.
two. When exposed skin will feel the heat, numbness, itching & redness, destroy to the fingers, hardening of the skin & sensitivity of the skin, & skin inflammation that causes the bubbles.
two. When exposed to the eyes may cause inflammation of the lining of the eye.
two. If ingested may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, vomiting & headache, burning sensation in the throat, decreased body temperature, & itching in the chest.
Avoiding Berformalin Products
* Skin: irritating, skin redness, burning skin, skin allergy.
* Eyes: irritating, red & watery eyes, blindness.
* Nose: Nosebleed.
* Respiratory: Shortness of breath, hoarseness, chronic cough, sore throat.
* Gastrointestinal: gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, mules.
* Liver: Liver destroy.
* Lungs: Pneumonia due to chemical substances (pneumonitis).
* Nervous: Headache, fatigue, insomnia, sensitive, difficult concentration, simple to forget.
* Renal: Kidney destroy.
* Reproductive Organs: Destroy to the testicles, ovaries, menstrual disorders, infertility secondary.
Formaldehyde is naturally present in raw food materials in the range of one mg per kg to 90 mg per kg.
The presence of formaldehyde itself is in the range of products. Formaldehyde is also present in cigarette smoke & smoke-contaminated air vehicles. Besides it may even be obtained on products including antiseptics, medicines, dishwashing liquid, fabric softener, shoe care, carpet cleaning & adhesive materials. Formaldehyde is also present in plywood, when it was new. Formaldehyde levels will drop over time.
Fish sauce:
Detection of formaldehyde exactly both qualitatively & quantitatively can only be done in the laboratory. However, to keep away from accidental poisoning, the public must be able to distinguish materials / food products that contain formaldehyde & are healthy. Some product features berformalin among others:
Chicken pieces:
* Long lasting at room temperature (25oC), over one month.
* Neat & bright colors (not tawny).
* Texture hard, no unique smell of salted fish & not basically destroyed.
* No fly infestation. Wet fish / shrimp.
* Gills dark red & not bright.
* The color of pure white with a chewy texture.
* Long-lasting up to two days at room temperature, not basically rot & smell.
* The color white.
* Long-lasting & not basically rot.
Tofu raw:
* Chewy texture, not solid but not basically destroyed.
* Long-lasting up to two days at room temperature, hold up to 15 days in the refrigerator.
* The smell stinging smell of formalin (0.5 to one.0 ppm levels).
Mi wet:
* Sleek, not sticky & greasy.
* Long-lasting up to two days at room temperature, hold up to 15 days in the refrigerator.
* Aroma sting (no smell mi) & not perishable.
Meatball:
* Not broken for two days at room temperature.
* The texture is chewy.
Dangers of the use of formalin in food products for health can not be perceived directly. However, the use of in a long time is worrying. In addition to knowing, wet noodles, fresh fish & other products, lots of products that use formaldehyde as a preservative.
Disclosure berformalin food ought to be followed up with law enforcement so that people can enjoy the food that is free of harmful preservatives.
The use of food additives (BTP) or food additives have been widespread. all food industries, both giant industrial & domestic industry, determined using the BTP. Use of BTP is not prohibited on condition that such materials are safe for human health & the proper dosage.
Formalin is a preservative that recently widely used in foods, whereas type of preservative is highly unsafe for health. Formalin is a solution is colorless, pungent, containing about 37% formaldehyde in water, usually 10-15% methanol added.
Additional Prohibited Materials Used in Food, among others:
one. Boric acid (boric acid) & its compounds.
two. Salicylic acid & its salts (Salicylic Acid & its Salt).
two. Dietilpirokarbonat (Diethylpirocarbonate DEPC).
two. Dulsin (Dulcin).
two. Chlorates Potassium (Potassium Chlorate).
6. Khloramfenikol (Chloramphenicol).
7. The vegetable oil dibrominasi (Brominated Vegetable Oils).
8. Nitrofurazon (Nitrofurazone).
9. Formalin (Formaldehyde).
ten. Potassium bromate (Potassium Bromate).
Formalin has lots of names or synonyms, such as formol, morbicid, methanal, formic aldehyde, methyl oxide, oxymethylene, methyl aldehyde, oxomethane, formoform, formalith, oxomethane, karsan, methylene glycol, paraforin, poly-oxymethylene glycols, superlysoform, tetraoxymethylene & trioxane .
Nature Formalin
This preservative has elements that are simple aldehydes react with proteins, thus when it splashed in to foods such as tofu, formalin element binding protein would start at the surface continues to seep out to miss it. With the demise of bound protein after the chemical element of formalin then when pressed to know feel more supple. In addition, proteins that have died won't be attacked by bacterial decay that produces acid compounds, That is why knowing or other berformalin food becomes more long lasting.
Formaldehyde kills bacteria by making a network in bacteria dehydration (water shortage), so the bacterial cells will dry & form a new layer on the surface. That is, formalin not only kill bacteria, but also form a new layer that protects the layer underneath, so resistant to assault other bacteria. If other disinfectants mendeaktifasikan assault by killing bacteria & does not react with the material that is protected, then the formaldehyde will react chemically & persist in such materials to protect from later assaults.
The issue, as the material used only to preserve food, which used formalin dose would be low. So that the side effects of consuming foods berformalin not be felt directly by consumers.
Seeing nature, formalin is also definitely going to assault a protein that is widely available in the human body such as the stomach. Moreover, when formalin in to the body it's a high dose.
The issue of formaldehyde content in various food products received a serious response from the government, because in the long term can lead to cancer. According to the Head of Drug & Food Monitoring Agency (BPOM), up to sure levels, formalin preservative allowed for cosmetics, toothpaste that is for a maximum of 0.1% & 0.2% other cosmetic products. This provision is in accordance with internationally accepted rules such as the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive, the European Union Directive, & SK BPOM for cosmetics.
Lots of parties also have properties reminiscent of formaldehyde or carcinogens may cause cancer kanker.Tetapi emergence of this unsafe material due to cancer from other causes difficult to distinguish, both need a long time to assault the human body.
Benefits & Makes use of of Formaldehyde
Formalin besides the cost is cheap, basically available & its use is not difficult so it is desirable as a preservative by food manufacturers are not responsible. The survey results & laboratory examination showed, lots of food products using formaldehyde as a preservative.
* As a germ killer, which is widely used in cleaning floors, clothes, vessels & warehouses,
* Flies & other insect repellent,
* Any of the ingredients in the manufacture of artificial silk, dyes & explosives glass mirror,
* Hardener layer of gelatin & picture paper,
* Urea fertilizer ingredient, fragrance, nail hardeners & preservatives cosmetic products,
* Prevention of corrosion in oil wells,
* Materials for insulation foam, &,
* Plywood adhesives.
Suggested use of formalin is:
Formalin for Health Hazards
In concentrations less than 1%, formalin is used as a preservative in household cleaning, dishwashing liquid, fabric softener, automobile shampoo, wax, & carpet.
The case of the use of formalin in the know, fresh fish, salted fish, & other food products showed a lack of knowledge producers & the dearth of socialization to the community about the benefits & dangers of additives. Formalin not allowed in food or drink, because in the long term can lead to the development of cancer cells. Formalin is unsafe if inhaled, swallowed or on the skin because it may cause irritation of the respiratory tract, allergic reactions & burns.
Danger Short Term (Acute)
one. If inhaled may cause irritation, tissue destroy & injury to the respiratory tract, nose, & throat. Other signs are sneezing, coughing, sore throat, sore throat, chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, headache, nausea & vomiting. At high concentrations may cause death.
two. When exposed skin will cause color changes, ie the skin becomes red, hardened, numbness, & burning.
two. When exposed to the eyes may cause irritation to the eyes reddened, pain, itching, blurred vision & shed tears. At high concentrations may cause great expense tears so that the lens is broken.
two. When swallowed, the mouth, throat & stomach burning, pain, nausea, vomiting & diarrhea, the chance of bleeding, extreme abdominal pain, headache, hypotension (low blood pressure), convulsions, or unconscious until coma. There has also been destroy to the liver, heart, brain, spleen, pancreas, central nervous technique, & kidneys.
Long-Term Hazards (Chronic)
Adverse Formalin for Human Body
one. When inhaled in long term will cause headaches, respiratory issues, coughing, rhinitis, nausea, drowsiness, injury to the kidneys, & sensitizing the lungs. Neuropsychological effects include sleep disturbance, irritability, weakened balance, loss of concentration & memory is reduced, menstrual disorders & infertility in ladies, & cancers of the nose, nasal cavity, mouth, throat, lungs & brain.
two. When exposed skin will feel the heat, numbness, itching & redness, destroy to the fingers, hardening of the skin & sensitivity of the skin, & skin inflammation that causes the bubbles.
two. When exposed to the eyes may cause inflammation of the lining of the eye.
two. If ingested may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, vomiting & headache, burning sensation in the throat, decreased body temperature, & itching in the chest.
Avoiding Berformalin Products
* Skin: irritating, skin redness, burning skin, skin allergy.
* Eyes: irritating, red & watery eyes, blindness.
* Nose: Nosebleed.
* Respiratory: Shortness of breath, hoarseness, chronic cough, sore throat.
* Gastrointestinal: gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, mules.
* Liver: Liver destroy.
* Lungs: Pneumonia due to chemical substances (pneumonitis).
* Nervous: Headache, fatigue, insomnia, sensitive, difficult concentration, simple to forget.
* Renal: Kidney destroy.
* Reproductive Organs: Destroy to the testicles, ovaries, menstrual disorders, infertility secondary.
Formaldehyde is naturally present in raw food materials in the range of one mg per kg to 90 mg per kg.
The presence of formaldehyde itself is in the range of products. Formaldehyde is also present in cigarette smoke & smoke-contaminated air vehicles. Besides it may even be obtained on products including antiseptics, medicines, dishwashing liquid, fabric softener, shoe care, carpet cleaning & adhesive materials. Formaldehyde is also present in plywood, when it was new. Formaldehyde levels will drop over time.
Fish sauce:
Detection of formaldehyde exactly both qualitatively & quantitatively can only be done in the laboratory. However, to keep away from accidental poisoning, the public must be able to distinguish materials / food products that contain formaldehyde & are healthy. Some product features berformalin among others:
Chicken pieces:
* Long lasting at room temperature (25oC), over one month.
* Neat & bright colors (not tawny).
* Texture hard, no unique smell of salted fish & not basically destroyed.
* No fly infestation. Wet fish / shrimp.
* Gills dark red & not bright.
* The color of pure white with a chewy texture.
* Long-lasting up to two days at room temperature, not basically rot & smell.
* The color white.
* Long-lasting & not basically rot.
Tofu raw:
* Chewy texture, not solid but not basically destroyed.
* Long-lasting up to two days at room temperature, hold up to 15 days in the refrigerator.
* The smell stinging smell of formalin (0.5 to one.0 ppm levels).
Mi wet:
* Sleek, not sticky & greasy.
* Long-lasting up to two days at room temperature, hold up to 15 days in the refrigerator.
* Aroma sting (no smell mi) & not perishable.
Meatball:
* Not broken for two days at room temperature.
* The texture is chewy.
Dangers of the use of formalin in food products for health can not be perceived directly. However, the use of in a long time is worrying. In addition to knowing, wet noodles, fresh fish & other products, lots of products that use formaldehyde as a preservative.
Disclosure berformalin food ought to be followed up with law enforcement so that people can enjoy the food that is free of harmful preservatives.
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