There are about 50 essential nutrients the body needs to be able to function with normal or optimal that can not get replaced with other substances. In method, essential nutrients that are removed from the body through excretion method, therefore they must must always maintain the existence of essential nutrients in the body through our food every day.
Nutrients can be regarded as an essential substance if it meets criteria as follows:
In addition, the amount of essential nutrients that must be present in foods to maintain health is not a criterion for determining whether the substance is important. Every day diiperlukan about 1500 grams of water, five grams of the amino acid methionine, but only about one mg per day of vitamin thiamine is necessary by our bodies.
* Is a substance that is important for health, and
* The body can not mensintesisnya in adequate amounts. Thus, glucose, although the "essential" for normal metabolism, are not classified as essential because the body is usually able to synthesize all that is necessary, from amino acids, for example.
Water is of the important or essential nutrients due to water loss through urine, skin and respiratory tract is much over the amount that can be synthesized by the body. Water can form in our bodies as the finish product of oxidative phosphorylation and also of several metabolic processes. Therefore, to maintain water balance, water intake is important.
Elemental minerals are examples of substances that can not be synthesized or broken down but continued to disappear from the body in urine, feces, and various other secretion processes. The major minerals ought to be given in giant quantities, while for other mineral elements needed in smaller quantities. They have noted that 9 of twenty amino acids are essential nutrients. fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic, which contains a lot of double bonds and perform an important role in chemical systems of the body, is also included in essential nutrients.
Substance List of Essential Nutrition:
Water
Mineral elements
Two major mineral elements:
* Calcium Ca
* Phosphorus P
* Potassium K (potassium Latin)
* Sulfur S
* Sodium Na (Latin natrium)
* Chlorine Cl
* Magnesium Mg
13 elements trace minerals:
Essential amino acids:
* Iron Fe (Latin Ferrum)
* Iodine I
* Copper Cu (Latin cuprum)
* Zinc Zn
* Manganese Mn
* Cobalt Co.
* Chromium Cr
* Selenium Se
* Molybdenum Mo
* Fluorine F
* Tin Sn (Latin stannum)
* Silicon Si
* Vanadium V
Essential fatty acids:
* Isoleucine
* Leucine
* Lysine
* Methionine
* Phenylalanine
* Threonine
* Tryptophan
* Tyrosine
* Valine
Vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins:
* Linoleic
* Linolenic
* B1: thiamine
* B2: riboflavin
* B6: pyridoxine
* B12: cobalamine
* Niacin
* Pantothenic acid
* Folic acid
* Biotin
* Lipoic acid
* Vitamin C
Fat-soluble vitamins:
Other essential nutrients:
* Vitamin A
* Vitamin D
* Vitamin E
* Vitamin K
* Inositol
* Choline
* Carnitine
Vitamin
Vitamins do not have the same special chemical structure, but they can be divided in to water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. The water-soluble vitamins in the type of the parts of coenzymes such as NADSOH, Fad, and coenzyme A. fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) in general does not function as a coenzyme. For example, vitamin A (retinol) is used to form light-sensitive pigment in the eye, and deficiency of this vitamin causes night blindness.
Vitamins are a group of 14 organic essential nutrients necessary in small amounts in food. The exact chemical structure of the first vitamin to be discovered is not known, and they are only identified by letters of the alphabet. Vitamin B was composed of six substances now known as vitamin B complex. Plants and bacteria have the enzymes necessary for synthesis of vitamins, and it is by eating either plants or meat from animals that eat the plant, from which they get the vitamin.
The amount of vitamins in to the body varies depending on the type of vitamin that, whether the vitamin dissolves in water or fat-soluble vitamins. The number of water-soluble vitamins in the diet increases, so does the amount excreted in the urine, so that accumulation of these vitamins in the body is limited.
Catabolism of vitamins that do not provide chemical energy, although a quantity of them participated as a coenzyme in chemical reactions that release energy from other molecules. Increasing the amount of vitamins in the food exceeds a sure maximum is not always increase the activity of this enzyme for vitamin that functions as a coenzyme. Only a small number of coenzymes participate in chemical reactions that require them and increase the concentration above this level does not increase the reaction rate.
On the other hand, the type of fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the body because they are only small is excreted by the kidneys and because they dissolve in fat in adipose tissue. Intake of giant amounts of vitamins in this type, sometimes may cause poisonous effects to the body.
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