Dysentery is an infection that causes sores that cause ulcers confined to the colon or sizable intestine characterized by typical signs are known as dysentery syndrome, namely abdominal pain and watery bowel movements that constantly (diarrhea) is mixed with mucus and blood.
The presence of blood and leucocytes in the chair is a proof that the germs that cause dysentery are penetrating the colon wall and lodged underneath. That is why in these days of invasive diarrhea name preferred by the specialists.
Historically, dysentery thought about only consists of types based on the cause, namely basiler dysentery caused by Shigella bacillus spp. and amoebic dysentery caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. But now it's been known to plenty of other causes in the kind of microbes, bacteria and parasites, which are: Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pleisomonas shigelloides, EIEC (Enteriinnasive E. coil), Aeromonus spp., Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lambha. Shigella spp. there is in all places and is the most common cause of dysentery.
Here are kinds of germs or bacteria that cause dysentery are plenty of:
one. Shigella spp.
Shigelloides are in all places but most are in the country with the level of individual health is bad. Man himself is the source of transmission and natural hosts of this disease, the mode of transmission is by orofaecal the germs enter your body healthy people through oral (mouth) and out of the sick person's body through the feces. Shigella spp are the most common cause of invasive diarrhea (dysentery) compared with other causes.
three. Salmonella spp.
Known there's species of Shigella on the basis of biochemical reactions and serology, namely: Sh. Jlexneri, Sh. boydii, Sh. dysentriae and Sh. sonnei. The first species are subdivided in to serotypes were Sh. sonnei were divided according to type colisin. Until now it was known that there's 8 scrotipe Sh. Jlexneri, 15 serotypes of Sh. boydii, ten serotypes of Sh. dysentriae and 15 type colisin Sh. sonnei.
Several species of Salmonella that are not S. typhi, S. paratyphi A and B may cause invasive diarrhea. As is known Salmonella is a zoonotic disease, animal and poultry are a reservoir of this disease, and people infected through food, meat, poultry and eggs.
The disease is more common in countries whose inhabitants are meat-eaters. So it is understandable that Salmonellosis become a bigger health issue in countries that have been developed compared with developing countries.
In recent Campylobacter jejuni (formerly called "other vibrio" (related vibrio) began to emerge as an important cause of diarrheal disease. This disease is a zoonosis although usually transmitted from person through contaminated water.
two. Campylobacter spp.
It is estimated that poultry is the lowest reservoir potential. It is important because the Indonesian people prefer to eat poultry meat than beef. In addition, the egg also plays an important role in, transmission of this disease. Various eruption of this disease in Britain, the United States and Canada have been associated with unpasteurized milk. Milk contaminated through direct contact with the feces of cows. C. jejuni will be able to survive for 22 days in milk stored at three ° C but die soon if pasteurized.
Campylobacter infections are chiefly present in childhood and, it causes diarrhea is usually over 7 days although the signs are not heavy.
Since 1967, researchers in Japan, Brazil and other countries has shown that positive serotypes of Escherichia coli other than those named EPEC (and positive other serotypes of E. coli), have been isolated from feces of babies and adult patients with diarrhea invasive . Now it is known that serotypes of E. coli that are invasive are: 028ac, 029, 0112ac, 0124, 0136, 0143, 0144, 0152, 0164 and 0167. EIEC serotype 0124 is the most frequent cause eruption of the epidemic, as happened in Hungary and the USA.
three. EIEC (entero Invasive Escherichia coli)
EIEC closely resemble Shigella because often the same biochemical properties, lactose negative, not moving, lysin decarboxylase was also negative, but it's the same 0 somatic antigen.
Importance of Tidy and Healthy Lifestyle
Preventive measures that can be completed to anticipate dysentery which thinking about a healthy lifestyle and tidy, as always maintain the cleanliness of food and drink from contamination of dirt and germ-carrying insects, environmental hygiene, tidy hands properly after defecation or before eating or when holding food to be eaten
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