Waste, rubbish, and filth that comes from households, firms, and / or vehicles is a serious issue that needs to be thought about to generate a healthcare surroundings. Household waste disposal in the trash habit, because it is trash ought to always be obtainable at neighborhood homes in accordance with its type, wet waste (rubbish), dry waste (rubbish), and the remnants of industry (industrial waste).
In addition, the habit of spitting, urinating and giant (human excreta), Water (Sewage) ought to even be properly managed so as not to disrupt the health of the environment. Rubbish is not managed properly can become a den of animal disease agents and bad odor.
Wastewater or wastewater is discharged excess water from households, industry and other public places, and usually contain ingredients or substances that may endanger human health and disrupt the environment.
Another limitation to say that water is a combination of liquid waste and liquid waste originating from residential, commercial, office and industry, together with groundwater, surface water and rainwater that may exist. Of these restrictions can be concluded that the wastewater is water left over from human activities, both domestic activities and other activities such as industrial, hospitality and so on.
Although a giant volume of water remaining but because about 80% of water used for human activities are every day dumped again in the type of an already dirty (polluted). Furthermore, this wastewater will finally flow in to rivers and seas and will be used by humans anymore.
Therefore, this wastewater must be managed and or processed properly. This wastewater originating from various sources, can be broadly grouped in to the following:
one. Wastewater originating from households (domestic wastes water), ie wastewater originating from the settlement. In general, the wastewater consists of excreta (feces and urine), water washing former kitchen and bathroom, and usually consist of organic materials.
one. Industrial wastewater originating from a variety of industries due to the production method. Substances contained in it vary greatly according to the raw materials used by each industi, including nitrogen, sulfide, ammonia, fats, salts, dyes, minerals, heavy metals, solvents, and so on. Therefore, the processing of this type of wastewater, in order not to cause environmental pollution becomes more complicated.
six. Municipal wastewater (municipal wastes water), ie wastewater originating from the area office, trade, hotels, restaurants, public places, places of worship, and so on. In general, substances contained in wastewater type is similar to household wastewater.
Characteristics of Wastewater
one. Physical Characteristics
Characteristics of wastewater require to be known as this will decide the appropriate ways of processing so it does not pollute the environment. Broadly speaking, the characteristics of the wastewater is classified as follows:
Composed mostly of water and a fraction composed of solid materials and suspensions. Chiefly household wastewater, usually colored dark like the soap solution, a bit smelly. Sometimes contain remnants of paper, colored laundry former rice and vegetables, portions of feces, and so on.
one. Chemical characteristics
Organic substance in wastewater consists of combined, namely:
Usually this wastewater contains a combination of inorganic chemical substances derived from water and various organic substances derived from the decomposition of feces, urine and other waste. Therefore in general is alkaline at the time was new and tend to sour when it began to rot.
six. Bacteriological Characteristics
* Compound containing nitrogen, such as urea, proteins, amines and amino acids.
* Compound which contains no nitrogen, such as fat, soap and carbohydrates, including cellulose.
The content of pathogenic bacteria and coli group of organisms contained in the wastewater also depends on where the source but they do not play a role in wastewater treatment processes.
In accordance with the substances contained in wastewater, the untreated wastewater in advance will cause various issues of public health and the environment, among others:
one. Being a transmission or distribution medium of various diseases, cholera, abdominal typhus, bacillary dysentery.
one. Being a medium breed of pathogenic microorganisms.
six. Become breeding places of mosquitoes or mosquito larvae habitat.
two. Cause disagreeable odors as well as the outlook is not nice.
six. A source of pollution of surface water, soil and other environmental.
6. Reduces human productivity because people are comfortable working with criminal and so on.
To prevent or reduce the adverse consequences of the above necessary conditions, requirements, and efforts in such a way that wastewater:
one. Does not contaminate drinking water sources.
one. Not lead to pollution of the soil surface.
six. Does not cause pollution of water for bathing, fishing, river, or places of recreation.
two. Unable to insect and rodent infestation and do not become breeding sites and a variety of seeds disease vectors.
six. No open-subject to outside air (if not processed) and can not be achieved by the children.
6. The smell is not intrusive.
How to wastewater treatment is simple:
Some simple ways of processing wastewater, among others:
Wastewater treatment to protect the environment from pollution. It is scientifically true that the environment has a carrying capacity giant to disturbances arising from such wastewater pollution. However, nature has a limited ability in carrying capacity so that wastewater needs to be processed before disposal.
one. Dilution (Dilution)
Wastewater diluted to concentrations low and then discharged in to bodies of water. But with the increase of the population, which means the increasing human activities, then the amount of wastewater that must be removed and necessary much water diluting much anyway so this way can not be maintained anymore.
Besides, this way cause any other damages, including the danger of contamination of water bodies still exist, which ultimately led to the deposition of siltation of water bodies, such as ditches, streams, lakes, and so on. Furthermore, may cause flooding.
In principle this way of processing is the utilization of sunlight, algae (algae), bacteria and oxygen in the natural cleansing method. Wastewater flows in to a giant rectangular pool with a depth between 1-2 meters. The walls and bottom of the pond does not require any given layer. Location of the pool ought to be far from residential areas and in areas that are open to permit wind circulation well.
one. Swimming Oxidation (Oxidation Ponds)
* elements that play a role in natural cleansing method is sunlight, algae, bacteria, and oxygen. Algae with a grain khlorophylnya in wastewater method of photosynthesis with the help of sunlight so that prosper.
* In the synthesis method for the formation of carbohydrates from H2O and CO2 by chlorophyl under the influence of sunlight to form O2 (oxygen). Then the oxygen is used by aerobic bacteria to over out decomposition of organic substances contained in wastewater. Besides, the deposition occurs.
* As a result the worth of BOD from the wastewater will be reduced to comparatively safe when they are discharged in to bodies of water (times, lakes, etc.).
The way it works as follows:
six. Irrigation
Wastewater flows in to open ditches are dug and the water will seep in to the ground through the foundation and walls of the trenches. In sure circumstances the wastewater can be used for irrigating agricultural fields or plantations and also functions for fertilization. This can be done to wastewater from households, dairy cow, slaughter houses, and others in which the content of organic substances and high protein needed by the plants.
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