Adult human body contains about 1200 g of calcium, the amount was about 1-2% of body weight. As lots of as 99% of calcium present in mineral-containing tissues such as bone and teeth, which are in the kind of calcium phosphate (together with tiny amounts of calcium carbonate), which serves to form the strength and bone structure. Along with the statement, according to Ilich-Ernst and Kerstetter (2000), adult human body contains about 1000 to 1500 grams of calcium (depending on gender, race, body size), of which 99% are present in bone in the kind of hydroxyapatite. Calcium requirement is determined by the needs of the bones and physical activity. Calcium is a micronutrient that is essential. These nutrients are usually shown beneficial effects on bone for all ages, although the results are not always consistent.
All cells in the human body needs calcium, but most of the calcium is used for strong bones and teeth. Calcium is a mineral that most numerous in the body, 40% of all existing minerals are calcium, equivalent to 1200 grams. The main source of calcium for people in developed countries are milk and processed products that contain about 1150 mg of calcium per liter. Other sources of calcium are green vegetables and beans. Bread and cereals, calcium intake contributes significantly because of the frequent consumption. Fish and marine food sources contain more calcium than beef or chicken.
Calcium needs an acidic surroundings to be absorbed effectively. Absorption primarily occurs in the upper tiny intestine. Tiny intestine tend to always be in the acidic conditions for accepting the acidity of the stomach which sometimes becomes neutral due to the release of liquid from the pancreas. Absorption of calcium on the surface of the tiny intestine depending on the activity of the hormone vitamin D. The human body absorbs about 20% to 40% calcium from food consumed, but when the body needs additional calcium in the number of high (babies and pregnant females), the absorption increased to 50% to 70%. Teenagers tend to absorb more calcium than the elderly.
The primary role of calcium is for building and maintaining bones and teeth, other than that calcium also plays a role in various processes in the body. Calcium plays an important role in the method of blood clotting and muscle contraction. If the calcium in the blood are below the critical point, the muscle can not relax after contraction, so that the body showed signs of seizures. Titani usually occur when the concentration of calcium in the blood dropped from normal levels of 9.4 mg / dl to about 6 mg / dl (35% below normal levels) and if the levels become about three mg / dl, will usually cause of death. Conversely, when levels of calcium in the blood rises above normal levels, to about 12 mg / dl, the nervous technique will be depressed and reflex activity in the nervous technique becomes sluggish, shortening the interval heart rate, cause constipation and reduce appetite. Suppression effect is more pronounced when calcium levels rise above 15 mg / dl and when levels of calcium in the blood increases to about 17 mg / dl, calcium phosphate crystals tend to settle to the whole body.
It is important at Young Age
The development of maximal bone mass in the work of growth and reduction of bone at the time of elderly age are the main issues in osteoporosis prevention strategy. To accomplish this objective, there's main guidelines are recommended:
(one) consume adequate nutrition to improve the basic material for bone formation,
(one) exercise regularly to maintain your body the stimulus to the development and maintenance of bone,
(four) maintain the adequacy of hormonal for utilization of calcium and bone maintenance.
Human bones decay and formation continuously. At a young age, bone formation is faster than resorpsinya. Meanwhile, in elderly age resorption is faster than their formation. Therefore, in elderly age bone mass loss method occurs.
Calcium is the main mineral in bone, and 99% calcium in the body present in the bone tissue. The mass of bone tissue is a risk determinant of bone fragility in both babies and adults. Over 40% of adult bone mass puncakpembentukan occurs in the work of adolescence. In this period there perubahangaya life, including the fulfillment of calcium intake.
In adolescence needed nice nutrition to accomplish optimal physical growth. This is necessary thinking about the speed of physical growth in the work of adolescence is the second quickest after infancy. At this time about 20% and 50% higher body weight a person has achieved. To maximize the retention of body calcium, female adolescents aged 12-15 years require the consumption of at least 1300 mg of calcium every day. The result of their study also showed that calcium intake was 1200 mg per day produced only 57% of the maximum calcium retention.
Supporting and Inhibiting Factors
As a factor inhibiting the absorption of calcium is the presence of alkaline conditions on the lower digestive tract, fiber foods in sizable quantities, use of laxatives, a bigger proportion of phosphorus than calcium, the presence of phytic acid, oxalic and fatty acids that can not be absorbed (binds calcium in the intestines), vitamin D deficiency, menopause, elderly age and the tannins from the tea.
Absorption of calcium in the body affected by lots of factors, consisting of the supporting factors and inhibiting factors. Factors supporting the absorption of calcium is the condition of the surface acidity, activity and normal gastrointestinal motility, intake of calcium and phosphorus balance, vitamin D, the body requires higher amounts of calcium, low calcium intake, the presence of parathyroid hormone (increase the activity of synthesis of vitamin D) and presence lactose.
Adult body contains about 1000 - 1300 g of calcium (less than 2% body weight). Normal calcium content of blood is 9-11 mg per 100 ml of blood. About 48% of serum calcium and 46% in the kind of ionic compounds present in blood proteins. The rest are in the kind of complex compound which basically diffuse, as in the kind of citrate.
all the calcium in the body have a central role in bone structure in the formation of strong bones and teeth. Only a few (1%) contained in soft tissue, additional liquid and plasma cells are needed in lots of roles and regulation of metabolism. If the amount below 1%, the body releases calcium from bones or teeth to satisfy their needs.
For example, in France (about half of adult females and third of adult men), Switzerland (mostly adult females) and in Spain (50% sample of elderly> 60 years), calcium intake was lower than that recommended from each country. In Ireland, over 50% of females aged 12-18 years and in the United States in females aged 9-18 years and 31 years are also not sufficient intake of calcium is recommended. In the Netherlands as much as 8-25% of men and females, has not reached 80% of adequate intake of calcium is recommended.
Therefore, the absence of an appropriate indicator of nutritional adequacy of calcium, the calcium deficiency estimates are based on the size of the adequacy of food intake compared with the recommended intake. However, this approach is still debated, because there is no specialist consensus on the recommended calcium intake. In practice, the estimated proportion of the population in each country with insufficient calcium intake are based on the recommended intake of each country itself. By using this approach reported that lots of population groups have not achieved the recommended calcium intake in lots of western countries.
Low calcium status illustrates a reduction in bone mass that occurs in lots of western countries. From the estimates obtained from the WHO diagnostic criteria (based on bone mineral content), about 4-6 million 1-2 million females and elderly men in the United States suffer from osteoporosis.
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