Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of pancreatic Langerhans island. Insulin stimulates amino acid entry in to cells & then increases protein synthesis. Insulin increases fat storage & prevent the use of fat as raw energy. Insulin stimulates the entry of glucose in to cells for use as an energy source & help glycogen storage in muscle & liver cells. Endogenous insulin is the insulin produced by the pancreas, are insulin exogenous insulin that is injected & is a pharmaceutical product.
Indication of therapy with insulin:
Based on his long, insulin is divided in to two types, namely:
* All persons with type I diabetes requires exogenous insulin because insulin production by beta cells do not exist or barely existed.
* Persons with type II diabetes may need insulin if other types of therapy can not control blood glucose levels.
* State of extreme stress, such as extreme infection, surgical procedure, acute myocardial infarction or stroke.
* GDM pregnant & persons with diabetes who need insulin when diet alone can not control blood glucose levels.
* Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
* Hiperglikemik hyperosmolar non ketotik.
* Persons with diabetes who received parenteral nutrition or who need high-calorie supplements, to meet increased energy needs, gradually will need exogenous insulin to maintain near-normal blood glucose levels over a period of insulin resistance or when there is an increased need for insulin.
* Weakened renal function or extreme liver.
* Contra indications or allergies to oral hypoglycemic drugs.
one. Short-acting insulin
Included here are the regular insulin (Crystal Zinc Insulin / CZI). Currently known as one kinds of insulin CZI, namely in the type of acid & neutral. Preparations available include: Actrapid, Velosulin, Semilente. This type of insulin given 30 minutes before a meal, reaching the peak after the 1-3 range & its effect can last samapai 8 hours.
one. Intermediate-acting insulin
Used today is the Neutral Protamine Hegedorn (NPH), Monotard�, Insulatard�. This type of early works is one.5 - one.5 hours. The climax is reached in 4-15 hours & its effect can last up to 24 hours.
two. Insulin infasik (mix)
It is a combination of short & medium type of insulin. Preparations: Mixtard 30/40
two. Long-acting insulin
Is a combination of insulin & protamine, diabsorsi slowly from the injection site so that the effect is felt lam, which is about 24-36 hours. Preparations: Protamine Zinc Insulin (PZI), Ultratard
Giving insulin sliding scale is intended for more efficient & appropriate gift because it is based on the patient's blood sugar level at that time. Blood sugar checked every 6 hours.
Insulin dose depending on blood sugar levels, namely:
* Blood sugar
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